Abstract
Background:ThetubulinpolymerizationandSrckinasesignalinginhibitortirbanibulinisbeinginvestigatedasatopicaltreatmentforactinickeratosis,aprecursorofsquamous-cellcarcinoma.
Methods:Intwoidenticallydesigneddouble-blindtrials,werandomlyassigned,ina1:1ratio,adultswithactinickeratosesonthefaceorscalptoreceiveeithertopicaltirbanibulinorvehicle(placebo)ointment.Theointmentwasappliedbythepatientstoa25-cm2contiguousareacontainingfourtoeightlesionsoncedailyfor5consecutivedays.Theprimaryout